an article by Adelajda Visha
Melasma is a skin condition characterized by the development of dark and irregular patches on the skin. It extends beyond its physical manifestations influencing not only one’s appearance but also impacting self-esteem and overall quality of life. Melasma affects both men and women but it is notably prevalent among women, with a higher occurrence during pregnancy so often called “pregnancy mask”. Melasma usually develops in the second or third trimesters, usually when the levels of hormones are typically higher. These hormonal changes that take place during pregnancy, will affect the skin’s pigment-producing cells in the skin. While a variety of topical treatments exist for melasma ,many of these options often give unsatisfactory results. Nowadays novel treatments, such as tranexamic acid (TXA), have emerged.
The most common areas for melasma to appear on the face include:
- the bridge of the nose
- the forehead
- the cheeks
- the upper lip
- the chin
In this blog, YOU will explore the benefits of tranexamic acid (TXA) and its pharmaceutical formulations.
What is Tranexamic acid (TXA)?
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a medication used to prevent or control excessive bleeding preventing the breakdown of blood clots. It is commonly used in various medical situations where there is a risk of heavy blood loss like:
- Surgery
- Trauma or injury
- Menstrual bleeding
How can Tranexamic acid work wonders on our skin ?
Tranexamic acid (TXA) has potential benefits in skincare. Clinical studies have shown tranexamic acid’s efficacy in the treatment of melasma by having a whitening effect. Administer TXA either orally, topically, or intradermally. Topical tranexamic acid is also effective in treating patients with rosacea.
It decreases rosacea by regulating the immune response and the formation of new blood vessels . This highlights the versatility of TXA in dermatological applications.
How does Tranexamic acid work on Melasma ?
Tranexamic Acid (TXA) works on melasma by addressing the factors that lead to the development of dark patches on the skin through :
- Inhibition of Melanin Production: Melanin is the pigment that gives color to our skin.Melanin is produced in execs in Melasma. TXA helps by stopping the activity of an enzyme involved in making melanin.
- Reduction of Inflammation: TXA has anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation can make skin conditions worse, but TXA can help improve the appearance of melasma .
- Prevention of Blood Vessel Formation: Melasma increases the number of blood vessels in the affected areas. Applying TXA on the skin decreases the number of blood vessels and reduces redness.
Why Tranexamic acid and its pharmaceutical formulation?
Unlike hydroquinone, which can make your skin more sensitive to the sun, tranexamic acid actually protects your skin from ultraviolet rays.
Apply Tranexamic acid (TXA) directly to the skin, making it a good option for people who can’t tolerate oral TXA or prefer not to take oral medication for melasma.
TXA 5% and 2% are the most commonly prescribed strengths.
Are there any side effects ?
Injected TXA can cause pain and burning at the injection sites, redness and hypopigmentation. When taken orally, the effects of tranexamic acid on the body depend on the dosage. Higher doses can increase blood clotting, while lower doses can suppress melanin production without increasing the risk of blood clots. Some experts don’t recommend treating melasma during pregnancy because it may resolve on its own once hormonal balance is restored. Moreover some treatment methods may not be safe or effective to use when pregnant.